Correct use of 'If' and 'When' in a sentence

#GrammarInFocus

'When' and 'If' sentences.
(When I do..../If I do.....).

Consider the following sentences:

A. What time will you call me tonight?
B. I will call you when I get back from work.

If we consider the above sentence by B (I will call you when I get back from work), it has two parts------- 'I will call you' (the main part) and 'when I get back home from work' (the when part). The sentence itself is a Simple Future Tense but you cannot use 'will' or 'going to' in the 'when part' of the sentence. This is the standard English. Instead we usually use Present Tense.

Look at a few more examples.

-I won't do it unless he takes back his words(NOT when he will take back).
-I will talk to you later when I have enough time (NOT when I will have enough time).
-When the rain stops, we will go out (NOT when the rain will stop).

The same thing happens after: While, before, after, until/til, as soon as etc. Consider the following sentences:

-Can you take care of the kids while I'm out (not while I will be out).
-Before you leave, you must visit the museum (not you will visit).
-Wait here until I come back (not until I will come back).
-I will go to India after I finish my exams (not when I will finish).
-We will get back to you as soon as we find you (not as soon as we will find).

-You can also use the Present Perfect Tense after when, until, while, after etc. For example:

-After I have read this book, you can have it.
-Don't say anything while Tina is here. Wait until she has gone.
-You can take his photo when he has asked you.

-After 'If' we use the Simple Present Tense. For example:

-It's raining. We'll get wet if we go out (not if we will go out).
-Hurry up! If we don't hurry, we will be late (not if we won't hurry).

Be careful not to be confused with 'When' and 'If'. Use 'When' for the things that are sure to happen or  the things which are already planned. For example:

-I'm going shopping this afternoon. When I go shopping, I'll buy some grocery.

-Use 'If' for things which are in doubt to happen or might possibly happen. For example:

- I might go shopping this afternoon. If I go shopping, I'll buy some grocery.
-If it rains this evening, I won't go out (not when it rains).
-Don't worry if I'm late tonight (not when I'm late).
-If he doesn't come soon, I'm not going to wait (not when he doesn't come).

We hope you find this  Grammar Tutorial very helpful for you.

If you have any questions about the Tutorial today, feel free to comment or inbox in our facebook page
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#GrammarInFocus
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-English Grammar Class #(12)

#EnglishGrammar

-Nouns In Apposition.


Read the following sentences.


-Marlo, our captain, hit the ball.


In the sentence above, we can notice that 'Marlo' and 'our captain' are one and the same person. The Noun 'captain' is followed by the Noun 'Marlo', to explain which 'Marlo' is referred. For example, you're in a group of people or discussing where there are more than one 'Marlos', then to refer to a particular 'Marlo' among them you use 'Appositional Noun'. The word 'Apposition' means 'placing near'.


When one noun follows another to particularly describe it, the Noun which follows is said to be 'in apposition' to the Noun which comes before it. In the above sentence, the Noun 'captain' is in the apposition to the Noun 'Marlo' and also 'captain' is in the Nominative Case of Noun.


Read the following sentence now.


-I went to meet your uncle, the doctor.


In the sentence above, the Apposition Noun 'doctor' doesn't describe the Pronoun 'I'. It's describing someone else who is a doctor and used as an Objective or Accusative Case of the Noun. Therefore, the Noun in Apposition is in Objective or Accusative Case.


-Finally read the following sentence:


-Have you seen Picasso, the artist's drawings?


In the sentence above, the Apposition Noun 'artist's' is in the Possessive or Genitive Case because of its apostrophe 's' which shows possession. Therefore, the noun in apposition in the above sentence is in the Possessive or Genitive Case of a Noun.


We hope you find today's lesson very comprehensive and beneficial for you.


If you have any questions or confusions about our class today you can put into the comments box or directly contact us into the inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club .


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English Grammar Class #09 (Part-1)

Hello, Dear Friends!


In our class today, we are going to discuss about the Noun Number. Keeping in view the length of the class, we are going to divide the class into two equal parts.


-First of all, we will discuss the definitions of Singular & Plural Nouns:


(I) Singular Number ----------------- A noun that mentions one person or thing, is said to be in the singular number. For example: Boy, Girl, King, Queen, Tree, Table, Sorrow.


(II) Plural Number------------- A noun that mentions more than one person or thing is said to be in the plural number. For example: Boys, Girls, Kings, Queens, Trees, Tables, Sorrows.


The next thing is to understand the rules which are applied to form Plural Nouns from the Singular Nouns. They are given below.


(i) By adding (-s) to the singular nouns. For example:


-Book ----------- Books
-Pen ------------ Pens
-Desk ---------- Desks
-Cow ----------- Cows


(ii) By adding (-es) to the singular nouns that end in -s, -sh, -ch, or -x. For example:


-Class ------------ Classes
-Dish ----------- Dishes
-Brush ------------ Brushes
-Match ----------- Matches
-Branch ------------ Branches
-Tax ---------- Taxes
-Box ---------- Boxes.


(iii) By adding (-es) to the singular nouns that end in -o. For example:


-Buffalo ---------- Buffaloes
-Mango ------------ Mangoes
-Cargo ------------- Cargoes
-Echo ------------- Echoes
-Volcano ------------ Volcanoes


(iv) By adding (-s) to the singular nouns that end merely in -o. For example:


-Dynamo ----------- Dynamos
-Solo --------------- Solos
-Ratio ------------- Ratios
-Piano ----------- Pianos
-Kilo ----------- Kilos


(v) Singular nouns ending in -y, preceded by a consonant, form their plural by changing -y into -i and adding (-es). For example:


-Baby ------------ Babies
-Lady ----------- Ladies
-City --------- Cities
-Army ---------- Armies
-Pony ---------- Ponies


(vi) Singular nouns that end in -f or -fe, form their plural by changing -f or -fe into 'v' and adding (-es). For example:


-Thief --------- Thieves
-Wife --------- Wives
-Wolf ----------- Wolves
-Life -------- Lives
-Calf -------- Calves
-Loaf ---------- Loaves
-Knife ---------- Knives
-Elf ----------- Elves


(vii) The singular nouns like 'dwarf', 'hoof', 'scarf' and 'wharf' take either -s or -ves in the plural. For example:


-Dwarf --------- Dwarfs or Dwarves
-Hoofs --------- Hoofs, hooves
-Scarf -------- Scarfs, Scarves
-Wharf --------- Wharf, Wharves


(viii) A few singular nouns form their plurals by changing the inside vowel of the singular. For example:


-Man --------- Men
-Woman ----------- Women
-Foot --------- Feet
-Goose ----------- Geese
-Mouse ----------- Mice
-Louse ---------- Lice


(ix) There are a few singular nouns that form their plural nouns by adding (-en) to the singular. For example:


-Ox ---------- Oxen
-Child ------- Children


We hope you find today's tutorial very comprehensive for your understanding and benefit.

If you have any questions regarding to this tutorial, your queries are welcome in our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club

Best of luck. 

English Grammar Class #05 (Part-2)

Dear Friends!


In our previous class #05 (Part -1), we discussed about the first four Parts of Speech-------- Noun, Pronoun, Adjective and Verb. In our class today we will discuss about the other four Parts of Speech--------- Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction and Interjection. Let's begin with an Adverb.

5. Adverb------------ is used to add something to the meaning of a Verb, an Adjective or another Adverb.

Let's understand this little bit complex definition with easy and simple examples. Consider the following sentences.

I) He finished his assignment quickly.
II) This girl is very clever.
III) She pronounced the word quite clearly.


Notice the prefix 'Ad' in Adverb, which means to 'add' something. Let's consider the above sentences in this context.

I) He finished his assignment quickly.

In this sentence, the word 'quickly' adds something to the meaning of the Verb 'finished'. Therefore, 'quickly' is an Adverb. In this case, an Adverb comes after a Verb.

II) The girl is very clever.

In this sentence, the word 'very' adds something to the meaning of the Adjective 'clever'. Therefore, 'very' is an Adverb. In this case, an Adverb mostly comes before an Adjective.

III) She pronounced the word quite clearly.

In this sentence, the word 'quite' (which is also an Adverb) adds something to the meaning of another Adverb 'clearly'. Therefore, 'quite' and 'clearly' are the Adverbs. In this case, an Adverb comes before another Adverb.
There are two most important tips to find an Adverb from a sentence.


i) Most commonly, if any word in a sentence ends with 'ly', is an Adverb. Like: quickly, slowly, successfully etc.

ii) If an Adverb is taken out of a sentence, the sentence doesn't lose its grammatical accuracy. It means that an Adverb is an 'addition' in a sentence. For example, if we take the Adverb 'quickly' from the sentence: He finished his assignment quickly', we will get: He finished his assignment', which is still grammatically correct and giving the complete meaning. Likewise, if we take the Adverbs 'quite' and 'clearly' out of the sentence: 'She pronounced the word quite clearly', we will get: 'She pronounced the word', which is still grammatically correct and giving a complete meaning.

6. Preposition----------is used to provide information about the position or movement of a Noun or a Pronoun. Let's understand this situation with some easy and simple examples. Consider the following sentences:


I) There are twenty students in the class.

II) A fair little girl sat under a tree.

III) They will leave from Manila to Bangkok.


In the first sentence, what is the position of the Noun students? Or where are they? The answer is, they are 'in' the class. Therefore, this 'in' is the Preposition because it is informing about the position of those twenty students.

In the second sentence, what is the position of the Noun 'girl'? Or where is she sitting? The answer is, she is sitting 'under' a tree. Therefore, this 'under' is a Preposition because it is informing about the position of 'a fair little girl'.

In the third sentence, what is the movement of the Pronoun 'they'? Or where are they moving to? The answer is, they are moving 'from' Manila 'to' Bangkok. Therefore, 'from' and 'to' are the Prepositions because they are informing about the movement of the Pronoun, 'they'.

-To, from, of, for, under, on, in, with etc. are the examples of a Preposition.


7. Conjunction------- is used to join or connect two words or two sentences.


Notice the prefix 'con' in Conjunction, which means 'to connect'. Let's understand the word Conjunction in this context. Consider the following sentences.

I) Marilyn and Josephine are sisters.
II) I ran fast, but I missed the train.
III) Please, take care of my house, while I am away.


In the first sentence, 'Marilyn' and 'Josephine' are the two different persons or words. They are joined or connected by the word, 'and'. Therefore 'and' in this sentence is a Conjunction.
In the second sentence, 'I ran fast' and 'I missed the train' are the two different sentences which are connected or joined by the word 'but'. Therefore 'but' in the sentence is a Conjunction.
In the third sentence, 'Please, take care of my house' and ' I am away' are the two different sentences which are connected or joined by the word 'while'. Therefore, 'while' is a Conjunction in the sentence.

-And, but, while, whether etc. are the examples of a Conjunction.


8. Interjection----------is used to express some sudden outburst of feelings from inside.


Notice the prefix 'inter' in Interjection, which means 'inner' or 'inside' and '-jection' which can be taken as 'projection'. So the meaning of the word, Interjection can be: projecting or expressing (sudden) feelings from inside.

Consider the following sentences.

I) Alas! He is no more.
II) Oh, how beautiful the night is!
III) Waow! She looks gorgeous.


The sentences of Interjection carry an exclamation mark (!) with them because they express some sudden and uncontrollable feelings from inside.

-Imperative and Optative Sentences fall into the category of an Interjection. (For details about Imperative and Optative Sentences, read our English Grammar Class #04).


We hope you find this class helpful for you. If you have difficulty in understanding the tutorial, you can ask us for help in our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club .


Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #1

-English Grammar Class #1

-What is grammar?

There are many complicated and unrealistic definitions of 'grammar' available in the market by many different authors. But we will provide you with a very simple and workable definition of the word, 'grammar'.

-Grammar is an art of putting the right words in the right places.

How?

Let's understand this simple definition through an easy example. Consider the following sentence:

drivinng Maria is to collage...

What do you notice?

In the above sentence we notice two things:

I) Some words like 'driving' and 'college' are incorrectly spelled as 'drivinng' and 'collage', which means they are not in the right shape.

II) There is a general way of constructing a sentence properly. Grammatically it is:

Subject + helping Verb + main Verb + Object.

When we consider the sentence above, we come to know that the words are not put into the right places. Therefore we need to put them into the right places grammatically:

Subject = Maria

Helping Verb = is

Main Verb = driving

Object = College.

So the grammatically correct sentence will be:

Maria is driving to college.

That's why we say------'Grammar is an art of putting the right words in the right places.

We hope you find today's class quite comprehensive. If you have any questions, please ask us directly into the inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club

Best of luck..