Correct use of 'If' and 'When' in a sentence

#GrammarInFocus

'When' and 'If' sentences.
(When I do..../If I do.....).

Consider the following sentences:

A. What time will you call me tonight?
B. I will call you when I get back from work.

If we consider the above sentence by B (I will call you when I get back from work), it has two parts------- 'I will call you' (the main part) and 'when I get back home from work' (the when part). The sentence itself is a Simple Future Tense but you cannot use 'will' or 'going to' in the 'when part' of the sentence. This is the standard English. Instead we usually use Present Tense.

Look at a few more examples.

-I won't do it unless he takes back his words(NOT when he will take back).
-I will talk to you later when I have enough time (NOT when I will have enough time).
-When the rain stops, we will go out (NOT when the rain will stop).

The same thing happens after: While, before, after, until/til, as soon as etc. Consider the following sentences:

-Can you take care of the kids while I'm out (not while I will be out).
-Before you leave, you must visit the museum (not you will visit).
-Wait here until I come back (not until I will come back).
-I will go to India after I finish my exams (not when I will finish).
-We will get back to you as soon as we find you (not as soon as we will find).

-You can also use the Present Perfect Tense after when, until, while, after etc. For example:

-After I have read this book, you can have it.
-Don't say anything while Tina is here. Wait until she has gone.
-You can take his photo when he has asked you.

-After 'If' we use the Simple Present Tense. For example:

-It's raining. We'll get wet if we go out (not if we will go out).
-Hurry up! If we don't hurry, we will be late (not if we won't hurry).

Be careful not to be confused with 'When' and 'If'. Use 'When' for the things that are sure to happen or  the things which are already planned. For example:

-I'm going shopping this afternoon. When I go shopping, I'll buy some grocery.

-Use 'If' for things which are in doubt to happen or might possibly happen. For example:

- I might go shopping this afternoon. If I go shopping, I'll buy some grocery.
-If it rains this evening, I won't go out (not when it rains).
-Don't worry if I'm late tonight (not when I'm late).
-If he doesn't come soon, I'm not going to wait (not when he doesn't come).

We hope you find this  Grammar Tutorial very helpful for you.

If you have any questions about the Tutorial today, feel free to comment or inbox in our facebook page
English Speaking Club.
@englishspeakers24

Best of luck

#GrammarInFocus
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-English Grammar Class #(12)

#EnglishGrammar

-Nouns In Apposition.


Read the following sentences.


-Marlo, our captain, hit the ball.


In the sentence above, we can notice that 'Marlo' and 'our captain' are one and the same person. The Noun 'captain' is followed by the Noun 'Marlo', to explain which 'Marlo' is referred. For example, you're in a group of people or discussing where there are more than one 'Marlos', then to refer to a particular 'Marlo' among them you use 'Appositional Noun'. The word 'Apposition' means 'placing near'.


When one noun follows another to particularly describe it, the Noun which follows is said to be 'in apposition' to the Noun which comes before it. In the above sentence, the Noun 'captain' is in the apposition to the Noun 'Marlo' and also 'captain' is in the Nominative Case of Noun.


Read the following sentence now.


-I went to meet your uncle, the doctor.


In the sentence above, the Apposition Noun 'doctor' doesn't describe the Pronoun 'I'. It's describing someone else who is a doctor and used as an Objective or Accusative Case of the Noun. Therefore, the Noun in Apposition is in Objective or Accusative Case.


-Finally read the following sentence:


-Have you seen Picasso, the artist's drawings?


In the sentence above, the Apposition Noun 'artist's' is in the Possessive or Genitive Case because of its apostrophe 's' which shows possession. Therefore, the noun in apposition in the above sentence is in the Possessive or Genitive Case of a Noun.


We hope you find today's lesson very comprehensive and beneficial for you.


If you have any questions or confusions about our class today you can put into the comments box or directly contact us into the inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club .


Best of Luck.


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-English Grammar Class #11

-Rules For Formation Of The Possessive Case Of a Noun.


(1) When the Noun is Singular, the Possessive Case is formed by adding ('s) to the Noun. As:

The boy's book, party's agenda etc.


(2) When there are too many hissing sounds, the apostrophe (') is simply put at the end of the Noun. As:

For conscience' sake, for goodness' sake, for justice' sake, for Jesus' sake etc.


(3) When the Noun is Plural and ends in 's', the Possessive Case is formed by adding only an apostrophe. As:

Boys' School, Girls' School, horses' tails etc.


(4) When the Noun is Plural but does not end in 's', the Possessive Case is formed by adding ('s). As:

Men's club, children's books, women's wardrobe etc.


(5) When a Noun or title consists of several words, the Possessive sign is attached only to the last word. As:

-The King of Bhutan's visit.
- The Prime Minister of Mauritius's speech etc.


(6) When two Nouns are in apposition, the Possessive sign is attached to the latter only. As:

-That is Tagore, the poet's house.
-This is the store for men's wear.


(7) When two Nouns are closely connected, the Possessive sign is attached to the latter. As:

-Joan and Marie's bakery.
- William and Mary's reign.


(8) Each of two or more connected nouns implying separate possession, must take the Possessive sign as:

-Raja Rao's and R.K.Krishna's novels.
-Goldsmith's and Cowper's poems.


We hope you find today's class very comprehensive for you.


If you have any questions or confusion about today's class, you can put it into the comments box or directly contact us in the Page's inbox English Speaking Club.


Best of luck.

-English Grammar Class #10

#EnglishGrammar

-Dear Friends! We are going to learn about the Cases of a Noun. Noun has three cases, namely:

1. Subjective or Nominative Case
2. Objective or Accusative Case.
3. Possessive or Genitive Case.

In this class today, we will learn about Subjective or Nominative Case of a Noun only. We will learn about the two other cases in our next two classes.

So, let's begin with the Subjective or Nominative Case of a Noun. Consider the following sentence.

-Maria cooked a delicious meal.

In the sentence above, the Noun 'Maria' is used as a Subject because it is the answer to the question: Who cooked a delicious meal? The answer is, Maria. The group of words, 'cooked a delicious meal' is a Predicate (For getting a comprehensive understanding about a Subject and a Predicate, study our English Grammar Class #01  .  Therefore, whenever a Noun or a Pronoun is used as a Subject in a sentence, it is said to be in the Subjective or Nominative Case.

-To find the Subjective or Nominative Case of a Noun in a sentence, put 'who' or 'what' before a Verb. For example, by putting 'who' before the Verb 'cooked' in the above sentence: Who cooked a delicious meal, the answer we get is Maria. Therefore, Maria is the noun which is used as a Subjective or Nominative Case in the sentence.







-Objective or Accusative Case of Noun.




In our class today, we will discuss about Objective or Accusative Case of a Noun. Let's begin our discussion by considering the following sentence.


-Marina is fixing the bicycle.


As we know that every sentence has two parts, a Subject part and a Predicate part. In the sentence above, the Noun 'Marina' is the Subject part and ' is fixing the bicycle' is the Predicate part. There are two nouns used in the sentence above. One is in the Subject part(Marina) and the other in the Predicate part (bicycle) as an Object. When a Noun is used as an Object in the Predicate part of a sentence, it is called the 'Objective or Accusative Case of a Noun.


-To find an Objective or Accusative Case of a Noun in a sentence put 'Who' or 'What' before the Verb and its subject. For example: What Marina is fixing? The answer is: the bicycle. Therefore, 'the bicycle' is the Objective or Accusative Case of a Noun in the given sentence.




-Possessive or Genitive Case of a Noun.


Consider the following sentences.


1. This is Elizabeth's car.
2. These are Nestle's products.


In the sentences above you will notice that the Nouns (Subjects) 'Elizabeth' and 'Nestle' are mentioned with an apostrophe 's'. This apostrophe 's' denotes something that is possessed or produced by the Subject of a sentence.


For example:


1. Elizabeth's car = the car that is possessed by Elizabeth.
2. Nestle's products = the products which are produced by Nestle.


The Possessive or Genitive Case of a Noun answers the question 'whose'. For example:


-Whose car? The answer is: Elizabeth's car.
-Whose products? The answer is: Nestle's products.


-The Possessive or Genitive Case of a Noun does not always denote possession. It is also used to denote authorship, origin, kind, etc. For example:


-John Milton's essays = essays written by John Milton.


-A father's affection = affection felt by a father.


-The President's speech = the speech delivered by the President.


-Araf's school = the school where Araf goes.


-A children's playground = a playground for children.


-A week's holiday = a holiday which lasts for a week.


We hope that today's tutorial have been of great advantage. If you have any questions or confusion about our class today, you can put them in the comments or drop them into our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club.

Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #09( Part-2)

Hello, Dear Friends! 

In our previous class #09(a), we discussed about the rules how Plural Nouns are formed from the Singular Nouns. In our class today we will continue to discuss about more rules of forming Plural Nouns from the Singular Nouns. Let's begin with keen interest and academic set of mind.

(X) Some Nouns have the Singular and Plural Nouns alike. For example: 

Sheep, Deer, Aircraft, Spacecraft, Series, Species, Innings, Dozen, Score, Gross, Hundred, Thousand (when used after numerals), news etc.

-(XI) Some nouns are used only in the Plural. For example:

1. Names of instruments which have two parts forming a kind of pair. As:

Bellows, Scissors, Tongs, Pincers, Spectacles etc.

2. Names of certain articles of dress. As:

Trousers, Drawers, Breeches, Jeans, Tights, Shorts, Pyjamas etc.

3. Names of subjects. As:

Mathematics, Physics, Electronics etc.

4. Names of some common disease. As:

Measles, Mumps, Rickets etc.

5. Names of some games. As:

Billiards, Draughts, Snakes and ladders etc.

(XIII) Some Collective nouns, though singular in form, are always used as Plurals. As: 

Poultry, Cattle, Vermin, People, Nation etc.

(XIV) Some compound nouns generally form their plural by adding (-s) to the principal word. As: 

Son-in- law ------------ Sons-in-law
Daughter-in-law ---------- Daughters-in-law
Son-in-law ------------ Sons-in-law
Stepdaughter ----------- Stepdaughters
Maidservant ------------ Maidservants
Passerby ----------- Passersby
Looker-on ----------- Lookers-on
Man-of-War ----------- Men-of-War
Commander-in-Chief -------------- Commanders-in-Chief.

We hope you find this and the previous class very valuable to clear your concepts about the rules to form Plural Nouns from the Singular Nouns.

If you have any questions regarding our classes, feel free to contact us into our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club or here in comment box. We will be pleased to respond.

Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #09 (Part-1)

Hello, Dear Friends!


In our class today, we are going to discuss about the Noun Number. Keeping in view the length of the class, we are going to divide the class into two equal parts.


-First of all, we will discuss the definitions of Singular & Plural Nouns:


(I) Singular Number ----------------- A noun that mentions one person or thing, is said to be in the singular number. For example: Boy, Girl, King, Queen, Tree, Table, Sorrow.


(II) Plural Number------------- A noun that mentions more than one person or thing is said to be in the plural number. For example: Boys, Girls, Kings, Queens, Trees, Tables, Sorrows.


The next thing is to understand the rules which are applied to form Plural Nouns from the Singular Nouns. They are given below.


(i) By adding (-s) to the singular nouns. For example:


-Book ----------- Books
-Pen ------------ Pens
-Desk ---------- Desks
-Cow ----------- Cows


(ii) By adding (-es) to the singular nouns that end in -s, -sh, -ch, or -x. For example:


-Class ------------ Classes
-Dish ----------- Dishes
-Brush ------------ Brushes
-Match ----------- Matches
-Branch ------------ Branches
-Tax ---------- Taxes
-Box ---------- Boxes.


(iii) By adding (-es) to the singular nouns that end in -o. For example:


-Buffalo ---------- Buffaloes
-Mango ------------ Mangoes
-Cargo ------------- Cargoes
-Echo ------------- Echoes
-Volcano ------------ Volcanoes


(iv) By adding (-s) to the singular nouns that end merely in -o. For example:


-Dynamo ----------- Dynamos
-Solo --------------- Solos
-Ratio ------------- Ratios
-Piano ----------- Pianos
-Kilo ----------- Kilos


(v) Singular nouns ending in -y, preceded by a consonant, form their plural by changing -y into -i and adding (-es). For example:


-Baby ------------ Babies
-Lady ----------- Ladies
-City --------- Cities
-Army ---------- Armies
-Pony ---------- Ponies


(vi) Singular nouns that end in -f or -fe, form their plural by changing -f or -fe into 'v' and adding (-es). For example:


-Thief --------- Thieves
-Wife --------- Wives
-Wolf ----------- Wolves
-Life -------- Lives
-Calf -------- Calves
-Loaf ---------- Loaves
-Knife ---------- Knives
-Elf ----------- Elves


(vii) The singular nouns like 'dwarf', 'hoof', 'scarf' and 'wharf' take either -s or -ves in the plural. For example:


-Dwarf --------- Dwarfs or Dwarves
-Hoofs --------- Hoofs, hooves
-Scarf -------- Scarfs, Scarves
-Wharf --------- Wharf, Wharves


(viii) A few singular nouns form their plurals by changing the inside vowel of the singular. For example:


-Man --------- Men
-Woman ----------- Women
-Foot --------- Feet
-Goose ----------- Geese
-Mouse ----------- Mice
-Louse ---------- Lice


(ix) There are a few singular nouns that form their plural nouns by adding (-en) to the singular. For example:


-Ox ---------- Oxen
-Child ------- Children


We hope you find today's tutorial very comprehensive for your understanding and benefit.

If you have any questions regarding to this tutorial, your queries are welcome in our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club

Best of luck. 

English Grammar Class #08

Hello, Dear Friends!


In our class today we are going to discuss about: The Gender Of a Noun.


There are four kinds of a Gender Noun.


(I) Masculine Gender
(II) Feminine Gender
(III) Common Gender and
(IV) Neuter Gender.


Basically, there are only two kinds of a Gender Noun, Masculine and Feminine Gender. The modern teachers of the English language suggest that there are actually four kinds of a Gender Noun including Common and Neuter Gender.


First, let's discuss about Masculine and Feminine Genders of a Noun.


(I) Masculine Gender-------------- A Noun that mentions a male animal or person is said to be of the Masculine Gender.


(II) Feminine Gender-------------- A Noun that denotes a female animal or person is said to be of the Feminine Gender.


The next thing that we need to know comprehensively is how to change a Masculine Gender Noun into a Feminine Gender Noun.


Followings are some rules that help in forming Masculine Gender Nouns into Feminine Gender Nouns. Let's consider them thoroughly.


-1st Rule:- By adding (-ess) in the end of a Masculine Gender to form a Feminine Gender. For example:


-Author -------------- Authoress
-Baron ------------ Baroness
-Giant -------------- Giantess
-Heir ---------------Heiress
-Poet ------------- Poetess
-Actor --------------- Actress


-Adding (-ess) in the end of a Masculine Gender to form a Feminine Gender is the most common one.


-2nd Rule:- By adding (-ine, -trix, -a, and -en) in the end of a Masculine Gender to form a Feminine Gender. For example:


-Hero ------------ Heroine
-Testator -----------Testatrix
-Czar ----------- Czarina
-Signor ---------- Signora
-Sultan ------------ Sultana
-Fox --------------- Vixen


-3rd Rule:- By adding a word before a Masculine Gender to form a Feminine Gender. For example:


-Grandfather ------------- Grandmother
-Manservant -------------- Maidservant
-Landlord ------------------ Landlady
-Milkman ---------------- Milk-woman
-Peacock ----------------- Peahen


-4th Rule:- By using entirely a different word. For example:


-Boy ------------- Girl
-Papa ------------ Mama
-Brother ----------- Sister
-Husband ------------ Wife
-Horse ------------ Mare
-Nephew ------------ Niece
-Drake ------------- Duck
-Earl ---------------- Countess
-Sir ------------------- Madam.


-We had been talking about Masculine and Feminine Genders of a Noun so far. Let's move on to talk about Common and Neuter Genders also.


(III) Common Gender ----------------A Noun that mentions a thing that is either a male or a female is said to be of the Common Gender. It means it is applied to both male or a female. For example: Parent, Child, Friend, Thief, cousin etc. Nothing is added with them to form a female gender because they can be applied to both male and a female.


(IV) Neuter Gender -------------------A Noun that mentions a thing that is neither male nor a female (i.e. a thing without life) is said to be of the Neuter Gender. It means, like Common Genders they cannot be changed into Feminine or Masculine Genders. For example: Book, pen, table, chair etc.


We hope that today's class provided you with a valuable tutorial about the Gender Of a Noun.
If you have any questions about the tutorial, please feel free to contact us in our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Cub .



Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #07

Hello, Dear Friends!


Yesterday we discussed about kinds of a Noun. In today's class we will give you a preview of some commonly used Abstract Nouns constructed from Adjectives, Verbs and Common Nouns. We suggest our friends notice the changes that occur when an Adjective, Verb or a Common Noun is changed into an Abstract Noun.


-Making Abstract Nouns from Adjectives.


First word is an Adjective and the second word is an Abstract Noun.

-Long      --------------- length

-Strong    -------------- strength

-Wide      -------------- Width

-Broad     ------------ Breadth

-High       ------------- Height

-Young    ------------ Youth

-Poor       ------------ Poverty

-Humble ------------ Humbleness

-Just        ----------- Justice

-Brave     ----------- Bravery

-Decent    ---------- Decency

-Prudent   ---------- Prudence

-Novel    ------------ Novelty

-Sane      ---------- sanity

-Quick    ----------- Quickness

-Bitter     -------- Bitterness

-Ignorant ------------ Ignorance

-Making Abstract Nouns from Verbs.


The first word is a Verb and the second one is an Abstract Noun following.


-Laugh ----------- Laughter
-Believe ---------- Belief
-Choose ---------- Choice
-Defend ---------- Defense
-Free --------- Freedom
-Excel ---------- Excellence
-Die --------- Death
-Success ------------ Success
-Judge ------------ Judgment
-Punish ------------- Punishment
-Determine ---------- Determination
-Advise ----------- Advice
-Discover ------------ Discovery
-Occupy ------------- Occupation
-Flatter --------- Flattery
-Steal ---------- Stealth


-Making Abstract Nouns from Common Nouns.


The first word is a Common Noun and the other word is an Abstract Noun.


-Infant ---------- Infancy
-Priest ---------- Priestess
-Thief --------- Theft
-Rogue --------- Roguery
-Bankrupt ---------- Bankruptcy
-Friend ----------- Friendship
-Author ----------- Authoress
-Coward ----------- Cowardice
-Pilgrim ----------- Pilgrimage
-Glutton ---------- Gluttony


We have given here a preview of how Abstract Nouns are constructed from Adjectives, Verbs and Common Nouns. In our next class, we will discuss the rules to change Adjectives, Verbs and Common Nouns into Abstract Nouns.


Hope our friends will be able to get a good preview of the way how Abstract Nouns are constructed from Adjectives, Verbs and Common Nouns.


-If you have any questions regarding the above class, you are welcomed in our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club .


Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #06

Hello!


Dear friends!

In our English Grammar Class today we are going to discuss about Kinds of a Noun. As we know that, Noun is a name of any person, place or thing. It has five (5) kinds.


1. Proper Noun
2. Abstract Noun
3. Collective Noun
4. Common Noun
5. Countable and Uncountable Nouns.


Let's examine each one of them with simple and easy examples.


1. Proper Noun--------------- The word, 'proper' means, 'one's own'. Therefore, a Proper Noun is the name of some particular person, place or thing. Such a person place or thing is unique within it self.


For example:


1. Marilyn has two daughters and a son.
2. Eiffel tower is famous round the world.


In the first example, 'Marilyn' is a Proper Noun. Because there might be tens of hundreds of Marilyns in the world but here we are talking about a particular Marilyn in a given time who has two daughters and a son.


In the second example, 'Eiffel' is a Proper Noun. Because there might be tens of hundreds of towers in the world but here we are talking about a particular tower which is 'Eiffel'.


Other examples might include: Philippines, Taj Mahal, Peter, God, Taj Mahal etc.


-Proper Nouns are always written with a Capital letter in the beginning.


2. Abstract Noun----------------- The word, 'Abstract' means something that does not exist in a 'physical form'. Something that we can only think of or feel for. Therefore, an Abstract Noun is usually the name of a quality, action, or state which has no physical existence itself.


Let's understand this situation with easy and simple examples.
(a) Quality: Goodness, whiteness, darkness, hardness, honesty, wisdom etc.


(b) Action: Laughter, movement, judgment, hatred, etc.


(c) State: Childhood, youth, slavery, sickness, death, poverty etc.


Other examples might include: Kindness, theft, sleep etc.


-The names of the Arts and Sciences (e.g. grammar, music, chemistry, etc. are also Abstract Nouns.


3. Collective Noun------------- The word, 'Collective' means 'something taken as a whole'. Therefore, a Collective Noun is the name of a number (or collection) of persons or things taken together as one whole.


For example, look at the following collections.


-A fleet------------- a collection of ships and vessels.


-An army----------- a collection of soldiers


-A crowd---------- a collection of people etc.


Other examples might include: Herd, flock, pack etc.


4. Common Noun-------------- The word 'common' means 'shared by all'. Therefore, a Common Noun is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind.


Let's understand this situation with easy and simple examples.


For example:


1. Dhaka is a busy city.
2. Little Josephine is a princess to her father.


In the first example above, 'Dhaka' is a Proper Noun because it is the name a particular city, while 'city' is a Common Noun because it can be applied to all the other cities of the world also.


In the second example, 'Josephine' is a Proper Noun because it is a particular name of a Person, while 'princess' is a Common Noun which can be applied to all the other kids of the world.


Other examples might include: king, queen, boy, girl, child, tower etc.


-Common Nouns include what are called Collective Nouns and Abstract Nouns.


5. Countable and Uncountable Nouns---------The word 'countable' means ' that can be counted in the numbers one, two, three so on. And the word ' uncountable' means 'something that cannot be counted in the numbers one, two, three so on.


For example:


(a) Countable Nouns: Book, pen, apple, boy, sister, etc.


(b) Uncountable Nouns: Milk, oil, sugar, honesty, truth.


-Countable Nouns have plural forms i.e books, pens, apples etc.


-Uncountable Nouns have no plural forms i.e you cannot say, milks, golds, honesties etc.


We hope that the above tutorial provides you with a handy learning about Kinds of a Noun. If you have any questions, feel free to contact us in our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club


Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #05 (Part-2)

Dear Friends!


In our previous class #05 (Part -1), we discussed about the first four Parts of Speech-------- Noun, Pronoun, Adjective and Verb. In our class today we will discuss about the other four Parts of Speech--------- Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction and Interjection. Let's begin with an Adverb.

5. Adverb------------ is used to add something to the meaning of a Verb, an Adjective or another Adverb.

Let's understand this little bit complex definition with easy and simple examples. Consider the following sentences.

I) He finished his assignment quickly.
II) This girl is very clever.
III) She pronounced the word quite clearly.


Notice the prefix 'Ad' in Adverb, which means to 'add' something. Let's consider the above sentences in this context.

I) He finished his assignment quickly.

In this sentence, the word 'quickly' adds something to the meaning of the Verb 'finished'. Therefore, 'quickly' is an Adverb. In this case, an Adverb comes after a Verb.

II) The girl is very clever.

In this sentence, the word 'very' adds something to the meaning of the Adjective 'clever'. Therefore, 'very' is an Adverb. In this case, an Adverb mostly comes before an Adjective.

III) She pronounced the word quite clearly.

In this sentence, the word 'quite' (which is also an Adverb) adds something to the meaning of another Adverb 'clearly'. Therefore, 'quite' and 'clearly' are the Adverbs. In this case, an Adverb comes before another Adverb.
There are two most important tips to find an Adverb from a sentence.


i) Most commonly, if any word in a sentence ends with 'ly', is an Adverb. Like: quickly, slowly, successfully etc.

ii) If an Adverb is taken out of a sentence, the sentence doesn't lose its grammatical accuracy. It means that an Adverb is an 'addition' in a sentence. For example, if we take the Adverb 'quickly' from the sentence: He finished his assignment quickly', we will get: He finished his assignment', which is still grammatically correct and giving the complete meaning. Likewise, if we take the Adverbs 'quite' and 'clearly' out of the sentence: 'She pronounced the word quite clearly', we will get: 'She pronounced the word', which is still grammatically correct and giving a complete meaning.

6. Preposition----------is used to provide information about the position or movement of a Noun or a Pronoun. Let's understand this situation with some easy and simple examples. Consider the following sentences:


I) There are twenty students in the class.

II) A fair little girl sat under a tree.

III) They will leave from Manila to Bangkok.


In the first sentence, what is the position of the Noun students? Or where are they? The answer is, they are 'in' the class. Therefore, this 'in' is the Preposition because it is informing about the position of those twenty students.

In the second sentence, what is the position of the Noun 'girl'? Or where is she sitting? The answer is, she is sitting 'under' a tree. Therefore, this 'under' is a Preposition because it is informing about the position of 'a fair little girl'.

In the third sentence, what is the movement of the Pronoun 'they'? Or where are they moving to? The answer is, they are moving 'from' Manila 'to' Bangkok. Therefore, 'from' and 'to' are the Prepositions because they are informing about the movement of the Pronoun, 'they'.

-To, from, of, for, under, on, in, with etc. are the examples of a Preposition.


7. Conjunction------- is used to join or connect two words or two sentences.


Notice the prefix 'con' in Conjunction, which means 'to connect'. Let's understand the word Conjunction in this context. Consider the following sentences.

I) Marilyn and Josephine are sisters.
II) I ran fast, but I missed the train.
III) Please, take care of my house, while I am away.


In the first sentence, 'Marilyn' and 'Josephine' are the two different persons or words. They are joined or connected by the word, 'and'. Therefore 'and' in this sentence is a Conjunction.
In the second sentence, 'I ran fast' and 'I missed the train' are the two different sentences which are connected or joined by the word 'but'. Therefore 'but' in the sentence is a Conjunction.
In the third sentence, 'Please, take care of my house' and ' I am away' are the two different sentences which are connected or joined by the word 'while'. Therefore, 'while' is a Conjunction in the sentence.

-And, but, while, whether etc. are the examples of a Conjunction.


8. Interjection----------is used to express some sudden outburst of feelings from inside.


Notice the prefix 'inter' in Interjection, which means 'inner' or 'inside' and '-jection' which can be taken as 'projection'. So the meaning of the word, Interjection can be: projecting or expressing (sudden) feelings from inside.

Consider the following sentences.

I) Alas! He is no more.
II) Oh, how beautiful the night is!
III) Waow! She looks gorgeous.


The sentences of Interjection carry an exclamation mark (!) with them because they express some sudden and uncontrollable feelings from inside.

-Imperative and Optative Sentences fall into the category of an Interjection. (For details about Imperative and Optative Sentences, read our English Grammar Class #04).


We hope you find this class helpful for you. If you have difficulty in understanding the tutorial, you can ask us for help in our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club .


Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #05 (Part-1)

Dear Friends!


Today we are going to discuss about the Parts of Speech. Keeping in view the length of this Class, we have divided this class into two equal parts. Each part will cover four Parts of Speech.

Before going to the main topic, let's discuss briefly: What role is played by Parts of Speech in a language? Let's try to understand this point. Have you ever heard about a post mortem of a dead body? A post mortem is performed on a dead body to examine the exact cause of a death. Likewise, when we become experts in Parts of Speech, it helps us to examine each and every word to know its proper place and meaning in a grammatically accurate sentence. This is what makes a language scientific.

Now let's focus on the main topic. We will begin with a Noun.

1.Noun-------- used as a name of anything I.e person, place or thing or a gender.

For example:

I) Martha travelled to Canada three years ago with her two young boys.

In the above example:

'Martha' is the name of a person
'Canada' is the name of a place
'years' is the name of a thing, and
'boys' is the name of a gender.



2. Pronoun------- is used in the place of a Noun to avoid Noun's unnecessary and awkward repetition in a sentence.

Consider the following example.

-Safina travelled to Russia last year to see her aunt Sarah. Safina stayed with Sarah for two weeks. Sarah loved Safina so much. Safina and Sarah adored each other.

You can notice that there is an awkward and unnecessary repetition of the nouns 'Safina' and 'Sarah'. To avoid this unnecessary and awkward repetition of the two nouns, we can rewrite the above paragraph in this way:

-Safina travelled to Russia last year to see aunt Sarah. She stayed with her aunt for two weeks. Her aunt loved her so much. They adored each other.

You can observe that the Pronouns 'She', 'her' and 'they' is used to avoid the unnecessary and awkward repetition of the nouns 'Safina' and 'Sarah'.

I, We, You, He, His, She, Her, They etc. are all Pronouns.


3. Adjective--------used to tell the quality, quantity, vice and virtue of a Noun or a Pronoun.

For example:

-Strong, broad etc. ( Quality)
-Little, more, many or a number etc. (Quantity)
-Honest, good (Virtue)
-Dishonest, bad (Vice)

Let's have a look at the following sentences.

I). His strong character was admired by everyone. ( 'strong character' defines a quality)

II). There are twenty five students in this class. ( 'twenty five' defines a quantity)

III). Honest people leave noble example. ('Honest people' and 'noble example' define virtue)

IV). Bad thoughts beget evil actions. ('Bad thoughts' and ' evil actions' define vice).


4. Verb---------- used to express an action or state of a Noun or a Pronoun.

For example:

-They are running hard to catch the train.

In the above example, 'are' is a Verb of state and defining an action of 'running' which is also a Verb.

Note: All the auxiliary verbs (is, am, are, was, were, have, had, can, could, will, would etc.) are Verbs of state.

All the main Verbs (write, fight, run, wrote, drive, loved, worked etc.) are verbs of the action.


We hope today's class has provided you with a valuable tutorial on the first four Parts of Speech. If you have any difficulty in understanding them properly, you can ask for our help by messaging us into the inbox of our page English Speaking Club


Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #04

The topics that we are going to discuss today are: Sentence and the Kinds of a Sentence.

*Let's start our discussion with the question: What is a Sentence?

You see, all the people in the world talk to each other using words. Therefore:
-A collection of meaningful words which are grammatically accurate also is called a 'Sentence'.
For example:
1. Marry and John are travelling to Canada.
2. It has been raining since night.
You will notice that the above sentences not only give a complete meaning but they are grammatically correct also. A sentence contain a Subject and a Predicate. (For a comprehensive understanding of a 'Subject' and a 'Predicate' read our English Grammar Class #02).
A Sentence is different from a Phrase and a Clause because it is a complete sentence and gives a complete meaning.
-What are the kinds of a Sentence?
A many renowned books on English Grammar tell us that there are four(4) kinds of a Sentence but the modern research tells us that there are actually five(5) kinds of a Sentence.
They are---

I) Declarative Or Assertive Sentence
II) Interrogative Sentence
III) Imperative Sentence
IV) Exclamatory Sentence
V) Optative Sentence

We will discuss them one by one.

I) Declarative or Assertive Sentences--------- such sentences are making simple statements.
For example:
1. The fish market is two miles away.
2. We are not searching for new items.

II) Interrogative Sentences--------- such sentences are asking questions.
For example:
1. Is this your workplace?
2. Do you believe in those people?

III) Imperative Sentences--------such sentences are making requests or commands.
For example:
1. Bring me a glass of water, please.
2. Go back to your classroom.

IV) Exclamatory Sentence--------Such sentences are expressing a surprise, shock or disbelief.
For example:
1. Waowww! How beautiful the night is!
2. Alas! Her father died yesterday.
3. Oh, my God! This is unbelievable.

V) Optative Sentences--------such sentences are expressing a wish or desire.
For example:
1. I wish these people could help her.
2. I wish I were a successful lawyer.

We hope you find today's class quite comprehensive to your understanding. If you have any questions to ask, you can drop them directly into the inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club
Best of Luck. 

English Grammar Class #03

The topics that we are going to discuss today are: 'Phrase' and 'Clause'.

Let's first discuss Phrase. What is a 'Phrase' in a grammatical context?

-A 'Phrase' is a small part of a complete sentence which makes some sense but does not give a complete meaning. A 'Phrase' generally comes after a Preposition in a sentence.
Let's understand Phrase with a few simple and easy examples.
I) He reads a newspaper in the morning.
II) They are looking for another opportunity.
III) The tops of the mountains are covered with
snow.
In the above examples, 'in the morning', 'for another opportunity', and 'of the mountains' are Phrases respectively, because they appear immediately after the Prepositions 'in', 'for' and 'of' respectively.
A Phrase can also appear after 'to + Verb'.
For example:
I) They tried to climb the mountain.
II) Maria was studying hard to pass the exams.
III) She decided to visit her aunt yesterday.
In the above examples, 'to climb the mountain', ' to pass the exam', and ' to visit her aunt yesterday' are Phrases respectively.

 *What is a 'Clause' in a grammatical context?

- A Clause is a part of a complete sentence and contains a Subject, a Verb and sometimes an Object also.
Let's understand a 'Clause' with simple and easy examples.
I) I think, you have taken a wrong turn.
II) People who speak the truth are trusted.
III) We can't start while it is raining.
In the above examples, 'you have taken a wrong turn', 'who speak the truth are trusted' and 'while it is raining' are Clauses respectively because they appear immediately after the Subjects 'you', 'who' and 'while'.
You will also notice that in the above sentences the Verbs like 'have', 'speak', and 'is raining' are also present.
In Clause situations, the part of a sentence that contains, 'which', 'while', 'who', that' etc. are also considered as Subjects.

Note: For the comprehensive understanding of a Subject, read our English Grammar Class lesson #02.

We hope you find today's class very comprehensive. If you have any questions, you can ask in the inbox of our Facebook page directly English Speaking Club .
Best of Luck.

English Grammar Class #02

-What is a Subject and a Predicate in a grammatical language?

-Subject--------- In any grammatical language, 'Subject' is the most important part. A 'Subject' is the doer of an action or someone or something that performs on a task. A Subject could be a Noun or a Pronoun.

-Predicate-------- A 'Predicate' tells us something about an action performed by a Subject. In other words, a Predicate works as a reporter of a Subject. A Predicate contains a Verb and an Object.
Have a look at this example.
Tina forgot her cellphone at the desk.
If we break the above sentence into 'Subject' and a 'Predicate', we get:
Subject = Tina
Predicate = forgot her cellphone at the desk.
Or another example..
Angie is going to the concert tomorrow.
Here Subject is 'Angie' and the Predicate is 'is going to the concert tomorrow.'
Sometimes a Subject can be lengthy and complicated. Have a look at these following examples:
I) The noise of buses disturbed the citizens.
Here the Subject is 'The noise of buses' and the Predicate is 'disturbed the citizens.'
Or for that matter..
II) The cackling of geese saved the Rome.
Here the Subject is 'The cackling of geese' and the Predicate is 'saved the Rome.'
You can find out a Subject in a sentence by putting 'What' or 'Who' before a Predicate.
For example: 'Who' forgot her cellphone at the desk? The answer is 'Tina' which is a Subject in the previous example.
'What' saved the Rome? The answer is, 'The cackling of geese', which is a Subject in the previous example.
We hope that you find this class very comprehensive. If you have any questions to ask, you can drop them directly into the inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club
Best of Luck...

English Grammar Class #1

-English Grammar Class #1

-What is grammar?

There are many complicated and unrealistic definitions of 'grammar' available in the market by many different authors. But we will provide you with a very simple and workable definition of the word, 'grammar'.

-Grammar is an art of putting the right words in the right places.

How?

Let's understand this simple definition through an easy example. Consider the following sentence:

drivinng Maria is to collage...

What do you notice?

In the above sentence we notice two things:

I) Some words like 'driving' and 'college' are incorrectly spelled as 'drivinng' and 'collage', which means they are not in the right shape.

II) There is a general way of constructing a sentence properly. Grammatically it is:

Subject + helping Verb + main Verb + Object.

When we consider the sentence above, we come to know that the words are not put into the right places. Therefore we need to put them into the right places grammatically:

Subject = Maria

Helping Verb = is

Main Verb = driving

Object = College.

So the grammatically correct sentence will be:

Maria is driving to college.

That's why we say------'Grammar is an art of putting the right words in the right places.

We hope you find today's class quite comprehensive. If you have any questions, please ask us directly into the inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club

Best of luck..