Correct use of 'If' and 'When' in a sentence

#GrammarInFocus

'When' and 'If' sentences.
(When I do..../If I do.....).

Consider the following sentences:

A. What time will you call me tonight?
B. I will call you when I get back from work.

If we consider the above sentence by B (I will call you when I get back from work), it has two parts------- 'I will call you' (the main part) and 'when I get back home from work' (the when part). The sentence itself is a Simple Future Tense but you cannot use 'will' or 'going to' in the 'when part' of the sentence. This is the standard English. Instead we usually use Present Tense.

Look at a few more examples.

-I won't do it unless he takes back his words(NOT when he will take back).
-I will talk to you later when I have enough time (NOT when I will have enough time).
-When the rain stops, we will go out (NOT when the rain will stop).

The same thing happens after: While, before, after, until/til, as soon as etc. Consider the following sentences:

-Can you take care of the kids while I'm out (not while I will be out).
-Before you leave, you must visit the museum (not you will visit).
-Wait here until I come back (not until I will come back).
-I will go to India after I finish my exams (not when I will finish).
-We will get back to you as soon as we find you (not as soon as we will find).

-You can also use the Present Perfect Tense after when, until, while, after etc. For example:

-After I have read this book, you can have it.
-Don't say anything while Tina is here. Wait until she has gone.
-You can take his photo when he has asked you.

-After 'If' we use the Simple Present Tense. For example:

-It's raining. We'll get wet if we go out (not if we will go out).
-Hurry up! If we don't hurry, we will be late (not if we won't hurry).

Be careful not to be confused with 'When' and 'If'. Use 'When' for the things that are sure to happen or  the things which are already planned. For example:

-I'm going shopping this afternoon. When I go shopping, I'll buy some grocery.

-Use 'If' for things which are in doubt to happen or might possibly happen. For example:

- I might go shopping this afternoon. If I go shopping, I'll buy some grocery.
-If it rains this evening, I won't go out (not when it rains).
-Don't worry if I'm late tonight (not when I'm late).
-If he doesn't come soon, I'm not going to wait (not when he doesn't come).

We hope you find this  Grammar Tutorial very helpful for you.

If you have any questions about the Tutorial today, feel free to comment or inbox in our facebook page
English Speaking Club.
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-English Grammar Class #(12)

#EnglishGrammar

-Nouns In Apposition.


Read the following sentences.


-Marlo, our captain, hit the ball.


In the sentence above, we can notice that 'Marlo' and 'our captain' are one and the same person. The Noun 'captain' is followed by the Noun 'Marlo', to explain which 'Marlo' is referred. For example, you're in a group of people or discussing where there are more than one 'Marlos', then to refer to a particular 'Marlo' among them you use 'Appositional Noun'. The word 'Apposition' means 'placing near'.


When one noun follows another to particularly describe it, the Noun which follows is said to be 'in apposition' to the Noun which comes before it. In the above sentence, the Noun 'captain' is in the apposition to the Noun 'Marlo' and also 'captain' is in the Nominative Case of Noun.


Read the following sentence now.


-I went to meet your uncle, the doctor.


In the sentence above, the Apposition Noun 'doctor' doesn't describe the Pronoun 'I'. It's describing someone else who is a doctor and used as an Objective or Accusative Case of the Noun. Therefore, the Noun in Apposition is in Objective or Accusative Case.


-Finally read the following sentence:


-Have you seen Picasso, the artist's drawings?


In the sentence above, the Apposition Noun 'artist's' is in the Possessive or Genitive Case because of its apostrophe 's' which shows possession. Therefore, the noun in apposition in the above sentence is in the Possessive or Genitive Case of a Noun.


We hope you find today's lesson very comprehensive and beneficial for you.


If you have any questions or confusions about our class today you can put into the comments box or directly contact us into the inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club .


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-English Grammar Class #11

-Rules For Formation Of The Possessive Case Of a Noun.


(1) When the Noun is Singular, the Possessive Case is formed by adding ('s) to the Noun. As:

The boy's book, party's agenda etc.


(2) When there are too many hissing sounds, the apostrophe (') is simply put at the end of the Noun. As:

For conscience' sake, for goodness' sake, for justice' sake, for Jesus' sake etc.


(3) When the Noun is Plural and ends in 's', the Possessive Case is formed by adding only an apostrophe. As:

Boys' School, Girls' School, horses' tails etc.


(4) When the Noun is Plural but does not end in 's', the Possessive Case is formed by adding ('s). As:

Men's club, children's books, women's wardrobe etc.


(5) When a Noun or title consists of several words, the Possessive sign is attached only to the last word. As:

-The King of Bhutan's visit.
- The Prime Minister of Mauritius's speech etc.


(6) When two Nouns are in apposition, the Possessive sign is attached to the latter only. As:

-That is Tagore, the poet's house.
-This is the store for men's wear.


(7) When two Nouns are closely connected, the Possessive sign is attached to the latter. As:

-Joan and Marie's bakery.
- William and Mary's reign.


(8) Each of two or more connected nouns implying separate possession, must take the Possessive sign as:

-Raja Rao's and R.K.Krishna's novels.
-Goldsmith's and Cowper's poems.


We hope you find today's class very comprehensive for you.


If you have any questions or confusion about today's class, you can put it into the comments box or directly contact us in the Page's inbox English Speaking Club.


Best of luck.

-English Grammar Class #10

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-Dear Friends! We are going to learn about the Cases of a Noun. Noun has three cases, namely:

1. Subjective or Nominative Case
2. Objective or Accusative Case.
3. Possessive or Genitive Case.

In this class today, we will learn about Subjective or Nominative Case of a Noun only. We will learn about the two other cases in our next two classes.

So, let's begin with the Subjective or Nominative Case of a Noun. Consider the following sentence.

-Maria cooked a delicious meal.

In the sentence above, the Noun 'Maria' is used as a Subject because it is the answer to the question: Who cooked a delicious meal? The answer is, Maria. The group of words, 'cooked a delicious meal' is a Predicate (For getting a comprehensive understanding about a Subject and a Predicate, study our English Grammar Class #01  .  Therefore, whenever a Noun or a Pronoun is used as a Subject in a sentence, it is said to be in the Subjective or Nominative Case.

-To find the Subjective or Nominative Case of a Noun in a sentence, put 'who' or 'what' before a Verb. For example, by putting 'who' before the Verb 'cooked' in the above sentence: Who cooked a delicious meal, the answer we get is Maria. Therefore, Maria is the noun which is used as a Subjective or Nominative Case in the sentence.







-Objective or Accusative Case of Noun.




In our class today, we will discuss about Objective or Accusative Case of a Noun. Let's begin our discussion by considering the following sentence.


-Marina is fixing the bicycle.


As we know that every sentence has two parts, a Subject part and a Predicate part. In the sentence above, the Noun 'Marina' is the Subject part and ' is fixing the bicycle' is the Predicate part. There are two nouns used in the sentence above. One is in the Subject part(Marina) and the other in the Predicate part (bicycle) as an Object. When a Noun is used as an Object in the Predicate part of a sentence, it is called the 'Objective or Accusative Case of a Noun.


-To find an Objective or Accusative Case of a Noun in a sentence put 'Who' or 'What' before the Verb and its subject. For example: What Marina is fixing? The answer is: the bicycle. Therefore, 'the bicycle' is the Objective or Accusative Case of a Noun in the given sentence.




-Possessive or Genitive Case of a Noun.


Consider the following sentences.


1. This is Elizabeth's car.
2. These are Nestle's products.


In the sentences above you will notice that the Nouns (Subjects) 'Elizabeth' and 'Nestle' are mentioned with an apostrophe 's'. This apostrophe 's' denotes something that is possessed or produced by the Subject of a sentence.


For example:


1. Elizabeth's car = the car that is possessed by Elizabeth.
2. Nestle's products = the products which are produced by Nestle.


The Possessive or Genitive Case of a Noun answers the question 'whose'. For example:


-Whose car? The answer is: Elizabeth's car.
-Whose products? The answer is: Nestle's products.


-The Possessive or Genitive Case of a Noun does not always denote possession. It is also used to denote authorship, origin, kind, etc. For example:


-John Milton's essays = essays written by John Milton.


-A father's affection = affection felt by a father.


-The President's speech = the speech delivered by the President.


-Araf's school = the school where Araf goes.


-A children's playground = a playground for children.


-A week's holiday = a holiday which lasts for a week.


We hope that today's tutorial have been of great advantage. If you have any questions or confusion about our class today, you can put them in the comments or drop them into our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club.

Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #09( Part-2)

Hello, Dear Friends! 

In our previous class #09(a), we discussed about the rules how Plural Nouns are formed from the Singular Nouns. In our class today we will continue to discuss about more rules of forming Plural Nouns from the Singular Nouns. Let's begin with keen interest and academic set of mind.

(X) Some Nouns have the Singular and Plural Nouns alike. For example: 

Sheep, Deer, Aircraft, Spacecraft, Series, Species, Innings, Dozen, Score, Gross, Hundred, Thousand (when used after numerals), news etc.

-(XI) Some nouns are used only in the Plural. For example:

1. Names of instruments which have two parts forming a kind of pair. As:

Bellows, Scissors, Tongs, Pincers, Spectacles etc.

2. Names of certain articles of dress. As:

Trousers, Drawers, Breeches, Jeans, Tights, Shorts, Pyjamas etc.

3. Names of subjects. As:

Mathematics, Physics, Electronics etc.

4. Names of some common disease. As:

Measles, Mumps, Rickets etc.

5. Names of some games. As:

Billiards, Draughts, Snakes and ladders etc.

(XIII) Some Collective nouns, though singular in form, are always used as Plurals. As: 

Poultry, Cattle, Vermin, People, Nation etc.

(XIV) Some compound nouns generally form their plural by adding (-s) to the principal word. As: 

Son-in- law ------------ Sons-in-law
Daughter-in-law ---------- Daughters-in-law
Son-in-law ------------ Sons-in-law
Stepdaughter ----------- Stepdaughters
Maidservant ------------ Maidservants
Passerby ----------- Passersby
Looker-on ----------- Lookers-on
Man-of-War ----------- Men-of-War
Commander-in-Chief -------------- Commanders-in-Chief.

We hope you find this and the previous class very valuable to clear your concepts about the rules to form Plural Nouns from the Singular Nouns.

If you have any questions regarding our classes, feel free to contact us into our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club or here in comment box. We will be pleased to respond.

Best of luck.

English Grammar Class #09 (Part-1)

Hello, Dear Friends!


In our class today, we are going to discuss about the Noun Number. Keeping in view the length of the class, we are going to divide the class into two equal parts.


-First of all, we will discuss the definitions of Singular & Plural Nouns:


(I) Singular Number ----------------- A noun that mentions one person or thing, is said to be in the singular number. For example: Boy, Girl, King, Queen, Tree, Table, Sorrow.


(II) Plural Number------------- A noun that mentions more than one person or thing is said to be in the plural number. For example: Boys, Girls, Kings, Queens, Trees, Tables, Sorrows.


The next thing is to understand the rules which are applied to form Plural Nouns from the Singular Nouns. They are given below.


(i) By adding (-s) to the singular nouns. For example:


-Book ----------- Books
-Pen ------------ Pens
-Desk ---------- Desks
-Cow ----------- Cows


(ii) By adding (-es) to the singular nouns that end in -s, -sh, -ch, or -x. For example:


-Class ------------ Classes
-Dish ----------- Dishes
-Brush ------------ Brushes
-Match ----------- Matches
-Branch ------------ Branches
-Tax ---------- Taxes
-Box ---------- Boxes.


(iii) By adding (-es) to the singular nouns that end in -o. For example:


-Buffalo ---------- Buffaloes
-Mango ------------ Mangoes
-Cargo ------------- Cargoes
-Echo ------------- Echoes
-Volcano ------------ Volcanoes


(iv) By adding (-s) to the singular nouns that end merely in -o. For example:


-Dynamo ----------- Dynamos
-Solo --------------- Solos
-Ratio ------------- Ratios
-Piano ----------- Pianos
-Kilo ----------- Kilos


(v) Singular nouns ending in -y, preceded by a consonant, form their plural by changing -y into -i and adding (-es). For example:


-Baby ------------ Babies
-Lady ----------- Ladies
-City --------- Cities
-Army ---------- Armies
-Pony ---------- Ponies


(vi) Singular nouns that end in -f or -fe, form their plural by changing -f or -fe into 'v' and adding (-es). For example:


-Thief --------- Thieves
-Wife --------- Wives
-Wolf ----------- Wolves
-Life -------- Lives
-Calf -------- Calves
-Loaf ---------- Loaves
-Knife ---------- Knives
-Elf ----------- Elves


(vii) The singular nouns like 'dwarf', 'hoof', 'scarf' and 'wharf' take either -s or -ves in the plural. For example:


-Dwarf --------- Dwarfs or Dwarves
-Hoofs --------- Hoofs, hooves
-Scarf -------- Scarfs, Scarves
-Wharf --------- Wharf, Wharves


(viii) A few singular nouns form their plurals by changing the inside vowel of the singular. For example:


-Man --------- Men
-Woman ----------- Women
-Foot --------- Feet
-Goose ----------- Geese
-Mouse ----------- Mice
-Louse ---------- Lice


(ix) There are a few singular nouns that form their plural nouns by adding (-en) to the singular. For example:


-Ox ---------- Oxen
-Child ------- Children


We hope you find today's tutorial very comprehensive for your understanding and benefit.

If you have any questions regarding to this tutorial, your queries are welcome in our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Club

Best of luck. 

English Grammar Class #08

Hello, Dear Friends!


In our class today we are going to discuss about: The Gender Of a Noun.


There are four kinds of a Gender Noun.


(I) Masculine Gender
(II) Feminine Gender
(III) Common Gender and
(IV) Neuter Gender.


Basically, there are only two kinds of a Gender Noun, Masculine and Feminine Gender. The modern teachers of the English language suggest that there are actually four kinds of a Gender Noun including Common and Neuter Gender.


First, let's discuss about Masculine and Feminine Genders of a Noun.


(I) Masculine Gender-------------- A Noun that mentions a male animal or person is said to be of the Masculine Gender.


(II) Feminine Gender-------------- A Noun that denotes a female animal or person is said to be of the Feminine Gender.


The next thing that we need to know comprehensively is how to change a Masculine Gender Noun into a Feminine Gender Noun.


Followings are some rules that help in forming Masculine Gender Nouns into Feminine Gender Nouns. Let's consider them thoroughly.


-1st Rule:- By adding (-ess) in the end of a Masculine Gender to form a Feminine Gender. For example:


-Author -------------- Authoress
-Baron ------------ Baroness
-Giant -------------- Giantess
-Heir ---------------Heiress
-Poet ------------- Poetess
-Actor --------------- Actress


-Adding (-ess) in the end of a Masculine Gender to form a Feminine Gender is the most common one.


-2nd Rule:- By adding (-ine, -trix, -a, and -en) in the end of a Masculine Gender to form a Feminine Gender. For example:


-Hero ------------ Heroine
-Testator -----------Testatrix
-Czar ----------- Czarina
-Signor ---------- Signora
-Sultan ------------ Sultana
-Fox --------------- Vixen


-3rd Rule:- By adding a word before a Masculine Gender to form a Feminine Gender. For example:


-Grandfather ------------- Grandmother
-Manservant -------------- Maidservant
-Landlord ------------------ Landlady
-Milkman ---------------- Milk-woman
-Peacock ----------------- Peahen


-4th Rule:- By using entirely a different word. For example:


-Boy ------------- Girl
-Papa ------------ Mama
-Brother ----------- Sister
-Husband ------------ Wife
-Horse ------------ Mare
-Nephew ------------ Niece
-Drake ------------- Duck
-Earl ---------------- Countess
-Sir ------------------- Madam.


-We had been talking about Masculine and Feminine Genders of a Noun so far. Let's move on to talk about Common and Neuter Genders also.


(III) Common Gender ----------------A Noun that mentions a thing that is either a male or a female is said to be of the Common Gender. It means it is applied to both male or a female. For example: Parent, Child, Friend, Thief, cousin etc. Nothing is added with them to form a female gender because they can be applied to both male and a female.


(IV) Neuter Gender -------------------A Noun that mentions a thing that is neither male nor a female (i.e. a thing without life) is said to be of the Neuter Gender. It means, like Common Genders they cannot be changed into Feminine or Masculine Genders. For example: Book, pen, table, chair etc.


We hope that today's class provided you with a valuable tutorial about the Gender Of a Noun.
If you have any questions about the tutorial, please feel free to contact us in our inbox of our Facebook page English Speaking Cub .



Best of luck.